Phimosis and balanitis are conditions affecting the foreskin and glans of the penis. Phimosis occurs when the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans, leading to potential discomfort and infection. Balanitis involves inflammation of the glans, often due to infection or irritation. Causes of these conditions include poor hygiene, infections (such as yeast or bacterial), trauma, skin conditions (like psoriasis), diabetes, tight foreskin, chronic irritation, poor penile hygiene, inflammatory diseases, and genetic factors. Surgical treatments often include circumcision, which removes the foreskin, or preputioplasty, which widens the opening of the foreskin. These procedures aim to alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrence.